Scheduled to land in August of 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mission was
initiated to explore the habitability of Mars. This includes both modern environments as well as …

The Mars 2020 mission will seek the signs of ancient life on Mars and will identify, prepare,
document, and cache a set of samples for possible return to Earth by a follow-on mission. …

… Finally, the infrared radiometer has measured the thermal inertia of the near surface 5 to
be 160–230 J m −2 s −1/2 K −1 , consistent with expectations of a poorly consolidated, sandy …

The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent
an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to …

Background— The lysyl oxidases are extracellular copper enzymes that initiate the crosslinking
of collagens and elastin, 5 human isoenzymes having been characterized so far. The …

We present a theory of second-harmonic generation from thin films of chiral materials. The
formalism makes distinct the contributions of electric-and magnetic-dipole transitions to the …

Conventional CMnSi transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP)-aided steels are a promising
solution for producing lighter, crash-resistant car bodies, due to their high-strength and large …

Background: Timely, accurate detection of renal artery stenosis is important because this
disorder may be a potentially curable cause of hypertension and renal impairment. Objective: …

The Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation is part of the Athena science payload launched
to Mars in 2003 on NASA's twin Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions. The scientific …

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with powerful immunomodulatory and antiviral properties,
but less is known about how they induce cell death. Here, we show that both type I (α/β) and …